Analysis and Elimination of Common Faults of Tractor Alternator

The generator is an important tractor parts, it is one of the main power sources for tractors and automobiles. Most small tractors use electric lights as lighting equipment. Generally, an alternator with permanent magnets can meet the requirements. The permanent magnet alternator is generally composed of a stator and a rotor. Next we will analyze the common faults in the use of generators to help users solve the difficulties encountered in use.

 

1. Generators losing electricity and not generating electricity.

 

Phenomenon: When the generator loses electricity or does not generate electricity, the entire electrical equipment does not work properly or cannot work. The specific manifestation is that the light is dark, the sound of the horn is small, or the light is not bright, and the horn is not loud.

 

Causes of failure:

(1) The generator is burnt out or the internal wire are short circuit, or the contact is bad.

(2) Permanent magnet steel is demagnetized.

(3) Short-circuit of the live wire, breakage of the live wire causing grounding to short-circuit.

(4) Poor ground connection or no ground connection.

 

Elimination:

Send the burned generator to the repair shop, connect the disconnected parts, and remove the bad contact. Charge the demagnetized magnetic steel or replace it with a new magnetic steel. Replace the damaged wire and exclude the short-circuit phenomenon. Carefully connect the grounding part of the ground wire and eliminate the bad grounding phenomenon. In addition, take care when disassembling the engine flywheel to avoid damage to the stator and rotor of the generator. At the same time, take care not to allow the permanent magnet magnetic steel to adsorb ferromagnetic materials, otherwise it must be cleaned. After the flywheel is mounted on the crankshaft, it should be rotated gently, and there must be no friction between the stator and the rotor. The stator and rotor must meet their concentricity requirements during installation.

 

2. Noise generated when the generator is running.

 

Causes of noise:

(1) The fan belt (or generator belt) is too tight, too loose, damaged, or the use specification is not satisfactory.

(2) Loose bolts or brackets of the generator, or loose bolts of the pulley, causing the pulley and armature to move loosely.

(3) Loose bearings or lack of lubricant in generator bearings.

(4) The armature shaft of the generator is bent and deformed, and the magnetic pole is scratched during operation.

(5) Poor contact between brush and commutator, such as inappropriate angle.

Preventive measures:

(1) Pay attention to check that the bolts of each part should be fully tightened during the technical maintenance of each shift.

(2) According to the technical maintenance cycle requirements of the tractor, timely and appropriately fill the bearing with lubricant. Do not overfill or underfill the lubricant. Too much oil will flow between the armature and the magnetic field, and the coil and commutator will be dirty, causing the generator to fail to generate electricity.

(3) The tension of the fan belt should be checked and adjusted for each shift of maintenance to ensure proper tightness to extend its service life.

 

 

3. The generator burns out

When the generator operating temperature exceeds 90 ° C, the generator will burn out if it continues to work.

 

Causes of excessive temperature:

(1) Grounding of electrical lines or generator is overloaded for a long time.

(2) The platinum contact of the interceptor in the regulator is sintered and cannot be opened to make the battery current flow back to the generator.

(3) Poor grounding between the regulator and the generator makes the voltage of the generator too high for a long time.

(4) The armature and the magnetic pole have been rubbed for a long time, and the friction is overheating.

(5) The generator shaft is bent, and the bearing is short of grease, which causes the bearing to wear and loose, resulting in generator overheating.

(6) The armature coil is locally shorted or disconnected, causing the carbon brush to flash and generate high temperatures.

(7) Sparks caused by poor contact between the carbon brush and the commutator cause the commutator to overheat.

 

Preventive measures:

(1) To prevent the generator from overloading, it is not allowed to arbitrarily increase the power consumption equipment and pay attention to the presence of short-circuit in the circuit.

(2) Pay attention to the status of the ammeter (or charging indicator). If the contacts of the interceptor sinter and the pointer of the ammeter swings backward, it means that the battery current is flowing to the generator, and the power switch should be turned off immediately. Repair or replace the interceptor.

(3) Frequently check whether the ground of generator and regulator is firm to prevent the voltage from being too high due to poor ground.

(4) The tightness of the generator belt should be appropriate.

(5) The bearings should be kept well lubricated and maintained regularly.

 

The generator is an important tractor spare part. A better understanding of its common faults and their elimination can improve the service life of generators and the working performance of tractors.